China-town.
China-town.
Rather poor, but the enterprising Chinese people have started to master for a long time
The Russian open spaces also has managed on them to be fixed. To it testifies
The research of the Moscow Chinese community spent by employees
Institute of the countries of Asia and Africa under the guidance of the professor Twisted Gelbrasa.
Who goes.
Exact data about number Chinese zemljachestva in Moscow, as,
However, and in all country, is not present at anybody - or at the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at
The Ministry of Internal Affairs, neither at FSB, nor at embassy of the Peoples Republic of China. By various estimations, it makes from
20 to 40 thousand persons.
Natives of the most various areas Peoples Republics of China find in Moscow to themselves a haven.
In the beginning 90, during the first wave of the Chinese migration to Russia, the basic them
The weight was made by representatives of national minorities of the Peoples Republic of China, having with
Old time of relatives among citizens of the former USSR (Uigurs, Uzbeks, Kazakhs
Etc.). Since 1994 to Russia there have gone the people who do not have here
Relatives, relatives.
The greatest share of migrants (almost 21 %) is necessary on three provinces
The northeast of China - Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin, directly
Adjoining on the Russian Far East. Hunting of local inhabitants to change
Places do not beat off even article in the Chinese press, zhivopisujushchie the economic
And social problems of modern Russia, because the most part of the local
The enterprises, mainly defensive, are unprofitable, work from the incomplete
Loading or simply stand. To Russia go to grow rich: more than 40 %
Have declared, that they "favourably" or would like"to work in Russia. Them have involved
Conditions favorable for commerce and the recommendation of friends and partners on
To business.
Five years ago the Chinese migrants used Moscow as transshipment
Point on a way to the developed countries of Europe and America. The Chinese editions were
Are full advertisements of the "tourist" firms not bad earning
On replenishment of numbers "huatsjao" - the Chineses living abroad. "Round" from
China through Moscow, coming to the end with legalisation somewhere in the West, cost
$40-50 thousand Now this transit stream has decreased because of toughening in
The developed countries of the passport and visa control. Coming to Moscow in it and
Settle. Nevertheless, to reach the Russian capital, money is necessary,
And considerable. For the majority (66 %) the basic source of means of a steel
Own accumulation and savings of relatives. On the second place -
Means of the state and private Chinese companies (21 %).
The overwhelming majority of the Moscow Chineses (70,1 %) are in most
Able-bodied age - from 21 till 40 years. Them distinguishes high, on
To the Chinese measures, an educational level - more than half have the higher or
The incomplete higher, that helps them to adapt on foreign land. Semiliterate
Houses sit: a share of workers and peasants in the Chinese diaspora in Moscow
Makes all some percent.
What for go.
About 40 % of Chineses are in Moscow already more than three years, that
Testifies to that in a city there was strong enough kernel
Migrants. In the Chinese community with all "bosses" fill. Basically it
"Russian" Chineses - children from the mixed Russian-Chinese marriages or those,
Who has entered mixed marriages in 90th years, - knowing Chinese and Russian
The languages understanding the Moscow realities, having extensive communications among
Muscovites. They contain (in some cases together with citizens of the Peoples Republic of China)
Hostels, hotels, warehouses, offices, restaurants, warehouses, discos and a casino.
The "illegal immigrants" who have arrived to Moscow on completely depend on these "bosses"
To tourist visas and then remained in a city.
The majority of Chineses in Moscow work "in a black way". About it
One that fact, that overwhelming majority of the Chinese testifies already
Hotels-hostels represent not registered shopping centres.
The considerable share of the Chinese incomes is received by a mafia. In particular, market.
Practically in all large ware markets the Chinese businessmen rent
To 10 % of trading places. And not at market administration, and at secondhand dealers (in
The majority of cases - at the Azerbaijan mafia). The official price of rent
Trading place fluctuates from 150 to 500 roubles a month. Chineses paid
$2000-2500 in a month before August crisis and approximately half it is less -
After. With trading in the market other requisitions are raised also. Thus the big
The part of money, naturally, takes cover from taxes.
Recently in the Moscow markets to find the Chinese-dealer - a problem
Not from the simple. Grown rich huatsjao began to use the hired
Workers. For realisation of rather inexpensive production - Belarus
And the Ukrainian women. Trade in expensive goods trust Muscovites. Payment
Their work fluctuates from 50 to 200 roubles a day. Hired working women
Validly respond about the Chinese owners.
As live.
All Chineses living in Moscow complain of militia. And not only
Businessmen, but also trainees far from business and the professor. Militia
Constantly fines Chineses in the most different occasions. Some respondents
Noticed, that within one month they were fined by ten times!
The fear before militia is comparable only with fear before "britogolovymi".
These are two main things as they them name, "enemy" of Chineses. Militia
Fines and morally humiliates, "britogolovye" mercilessly beat. Therefore
Chineses prefer to keep together and as seldom as possible to appear in streets
Cities.
They live basically in hotels "п?п п?я я п?" belonging to diaspora
(Izmajlovo, 800-1000 persons), "Hebei" (underground "Student's", 1800-2000),
"Kodun" (Panfilov's street, 1500-1800) and hostels "Tajjan" (near to
The Cherkizovsky market, nearby 4000), "Bells" (Marino, nearby 3000) and a number
Others.
Work (read: Chineses, as a rule, or nearby to the house trade),
Or it is direct in-home. For example, in hotel "Sevastopol" are engaged
Business about 100 Chinese citizens. Calculations for residing,
Rent of trading places and other services at official rouble quotations
Are carried out by cash in dollars. Residing at one-room number
There are $6 a day (usually in such numbers live on 4-5 persons), in
Two-room - $12. Thus many Chineses consider, that live in
"Very good", "good" (more than 34 %) and "tolerant" (about 43 %) the housing
Conditions. Also make a reservation, that these conditions it is much better than that were
At them in the homeland. A rent for trade in hotel in November, 1998
Made $950 (16-12 floors), $1180 (11-7 floors), $1210 (6-2 floors).
The Chinese firms solve all their problems connected with for fellow citizens
Reception of visas, passport system, registration of firm or joint
The enterprises, render notarial and other services. Practically in all
Hotels-hostels Chineses use satellite TV and look
Television programs from the Peoples Republic of China. In cafe and restaurants they can try
Ethnic cuisine dishes. And in some restaurants Russian an input
It is forbidden: in Moscow there were closed clubs in which start up only
Chineses.
Despite deterioration of an economic situation, number of the Chinese
Diasporas in Moscow does not decrease. They explain it simply: in China
Situation not less difficult, than in Russia. Almost 60 % interrogated consider, that,
Despite difficulties, their expectations were justified. About third living in
To Moscow Chineses plan, having saved the capital to return home; as much
Are going to to make the decision how at them affairs will go. But
Number of those who is intended to remain and expand the business in Russia, steadily
Grows.
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In Moscow at Chineses only two enemies - "britogolovye" and militia.
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Chineses in dispersion.
Chineses sometimes name "Jews of Asia": they are scattered worldwide.
The majority of Chineses, leaving the native land, direct in the countries
South East Asia - there they have formed the most powerful diasporas. In
Indonesia Chineses make 4 % of the population, but on their share 70 % are necessary
Total national product. In Malaysia these indicators make
Accordingly 33 and 90 %, in Thailand - 10 and 35 %, on Philippines - 1 and 35 %.
Practically in all these countries the riches of Chineses become frequent
Subject of envy from other ethnic groups, provoking those on
The Chinese pogroms.
In the majority of the countries of this region in a policy of Chineses do not start up.
The exception makes only Singapore in which Chineses are ethnic
The majority, and Thailand where for some centuries Chineses were practically
Are completely assimilated by indigenous population.
Chineses of South East Asia are the basic investors of capitals in
Economy of the Peoples Republic of China. They became the bridge which has connected communistic
China with the West. The Chinese diaspora in Asia has a economic Davos.
Sessions pass in capitals of the different countries of region and to act on them
Prime ministers consider for themselves for honour.
In the United States of America the Chinese immigration became appreciable
The phenomenon in second half of XX-th century. In 1965 Chineses living there
Have got the equal driver's licence with Americans. In 1989, after events on the area
Tjananmen in Beijing, specially for Chineses the status of the constant has been entered
The inhabitant; within a year it have received 50 thousand persons. Now the Chinese
The community is one of the largest in the USA.
In Canada the Chinese community - the largest. The Chinese language - the third on
To frequency of use after official English and French. On
To comparison with other diasporas Chinese more formed, and level
Unemployments among Chineses even more low, than among Canadians.
In Australia in 1996 the Chinese diaspora made 450 thousand persons.
In Europe large Chinese communities are practically in all countries. In
The Great Britain Chineses have allocated for the first time in "the special column" during census
1991; then they were counted there by 164 thousand. In France Chineses in 1990
To year was 26,7 thousand.
//* an information Source: the Businessman (weekly journal), 2.03.99
//* Reg. Nom. - 1090300020.11-------------------------------------------
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