American Indian roulette.
American Indian roulette.
Money directly would like to receive the majority of the Russian citizens
From the oil companies - as hanty and mansi. The majority of Americans wanted
To receive money directly from a gaming. As Indians of a tribe
pekotov.
Last from pekotov.
About pekotah and their leader, Richard Hejuorde by a nickname the Big Jump, go
Legends. Twenty years ago Hejuord worked at factory General Dynamics,
Receiving $15 thousand a year. In the beginning 70 it began to struggle alone for
The official status of the tribe and by that has taken the first step on a way to
To prosperity.
It was hard to achieve a recognition: the most thoroughbred for that moment pekot
Actually was pekotom only on one eighth. In the end of XVII century
pekoty have actually ceased to exist as a separate American Indian tribe,
Having mixed up with Mohicans and niantikami. Nevertheless struggle Hejuorda
Has crowned success: in 1983 the government of the USA officially recognised
Tribe existence pekotov. So, on them began to extend all
The conceivable and inconceivable privileges provided by the American
The legislation for indigenous population.
Has passed as early as five years, and in 1988 president Reagan has signed the law about
Regulation of the American Indian gaming, allowed to open the gambling
Houses and a casino in territories of reservations. However, in each concrete case
American Indian tribes should co-ordinate it with the staff authorities.
Now, it is less than in ten years after an adoption of law, American Indian
The gaming exists already in 28 American states. It has turned in
The six-milliard industry about 280 casinos which 184 tribes own.
The chairman of council of leaders.
Speak, in 70th years in a tiny reservation in staff territory
Connecticut two lived only pekota. Today them there more than four hundred, and
Reservation already in any way it is impossible to name the small. More than thousand persons
Annually try to prove the accessory to this American Indian tribe.
Opening in 1992 in territory became the "population explosion" reason
Reservations of complex Foxwoods Resort.
Richard Hejuord holds a post of the chairman of council of leaders of a tribe pekotov,
Which carries out functions of board of directors of the company. The complex consists from
Two casinos, 16 restaurants and three hotels on 1400 numbers. Him visit
Daily about 50 thousand persons. Though data about the complex income not
Are disclosed, it is supposed, that pekoty earn more than billion
Dollars a year. Anyway, Foxwoods - one of the largest
Tax bearers of staff, and the tax Indians pay only one - 25 % of profit
From operation of playing automatic machines. It also makes $250 million
Besides all listed pekoty own a shipyard, on which, in
Particulars, have been constructed high-speed ferry. Thanks to the ferry visitors can
Faster to reach a casino from New York.
The basic competitors pekotov in a gaming - Mohicans. It has appeared,
Fenimor Cooper has a little hurried, having entitled the book "Last from
Mohicans ". Mohicans, as well as pekoty, have revived thanks to a casino. Mohegan Sun
It has been opened in 1996, and too in Connecticut, all in 10 miles from
Foxwoods. Now this the fourth on casino size in the North America with
The revenue about $100 million which daily involves 20-25 thousand
Visitors.
Game instead of hunting.
Appeal of a gaming to Indians is obvious. In California and
Minnesota has deserted and semithrown reservations have turned
Thanks to a casino in brisk settlements with set of magnificent houses.
Each member of a tribe of the apaches living in Arizona, receives as a result
Distributions of profits about $3 thousand a month. About pekotov and Mohicans and
To speak there is nothing. However the gaming inspires far not all Indians.
Fast enrichment waits only the small tribes living near to the large
Cities. And here the tribe navaho, for example, is unsuccessfully located and has
Therefore there are not enough chances of success.
However, navaho also are not going to to be engaged in a gaming. Leaders
Tribe already held a referendum in territory of the largest in the USA twice
Reservations where live navaho, and the tribe has twice responded "is not present" to casino opening
In its territory. According to some Indians, the gaming leads
Monstrous corruption among leaders. Already repeatedly the Indians having
The relation to a gaming, appeared behind a lattice on charge in
Bribery. Besides, as the control over all kinds American Indian
Activity, including financial, practically is absent, a casino not
Territories of reservations become the perfect tool of money-laundering.
Corruption threatens not only to American Indian leaders. Recently the minister
Internal affairs of the USA Bruce Bebbit has been accused that it has received from one
From tribes $300 thousand in exchange for the promise to forbid the next tribe to open
The casino.
Native solidarity.
Two richest tribes - pekoty and Mohicans - have shown recently
Nobleness, having informed, that wish to share with other tribes. However, not
Incomes of the casinos, and the state grants for building
Habitation. Mohicans have voluntary refused $2,2 million, and pekoty - from $578
Thousand
As we see, though pekotov and Mohicans some years it is impossible to consider
Poor, the state regularly supports them financially. Moreover,
When in 1994 pekoty have tried to refuse grants in $1,5 million,
The department of housing problems has persuaded them to accept the help. As a result
One and a half million have been spent for building of houses in cost of an order
$400 thousand everyone for families with the revenue about $200 thousand Probably, anybody
More poorly in a reservation was not.
But the high consciousness shown by Mohicans and pekotami,
It is peculiar not to all Indians. In Minnesota the tribe chippeva has voted
Against to spend $9 million for building of new school, thus that
The casino brings a tribe $30 million Leader of a tribe has declared: "At Connected
States there are obligations to the American Indian people, and I will force them
To carry out of these obligations ".
Trap for white men.
In general, "solemn obligations", given by conquerors to the radical
To the population, become a problem more and more. Governors of states, where
American Indian casinos operate, unsuccessfully achieve the control over the gambling
Business. Indians invariably refer to the sovereignty and is frequent
Ignore the staff legislation. Leaders of tribes do not doubt, that can
To win any litigation against white men. White men
Legislators, in turn, consider, that clearing of Indians of all
Taxes - blatant injustice. Certainly, to sustain a competition with
American Indian business "white" business not in a status. Small businessmen,
For example owners of gaz stations who try to exist near to
Reservations, are inevitably ruined.
One of those who attempts upon American Indian inviolability, -
Senator-republican Slejd Gordon. He even has dared to declare, that, on it
To opinion, "all Americans should be equal before the law". Gordonu, to
To example, it is not pleasant, that the American Indian policeman accused of б destruction
The teenager, the smog avoids suit: under the law of the Indian can
To bring to court only the Indian. Gordon has stated one more seditious thought:
"Tribes want the right to self-determination, and I against it do not mind. But I
I consider, that self-determination attracts some duties, and first of all
Duty itself to provide ".
Against the special status of Indians act not only congressmen, but also
Some Indians. The main fighter with American Indian privileges - the representative
Tribe chippeva Bill Lawrence. He asserts, that while there are reservations,
"Most of all abusings and oppressions Indians should suffer from
Other Indians ". Hence, it is necessary to deprive of their Indians of the special
The status that in reservations the American laws operated, instead of
The absolute power of breeding leaders. Lawrence suggests to reconsider the accepted
In 1968 the law on the civil rights of Indians, that not only Indians,
But also neindejtsy could bring to court of representatives of tribes and the company,
Which they own (now it all is impossible), and American Indian casinos, as well as
Other, have been obliged to report about the incomes. But hopes that
Such amendments will be accepted, Lawrence has not enough.
And business not only that powerful tribes already have quite seized
Art to lobby acceptance of the decisions necessary to them. More serious
Obstacle - "is noble-savage mentality of many senators, which
It seems, that Indians cannot make anything bad ". The authorities are afraid
To betray "solemn obligations", given to Indians. Moods
Supporters of American Indian inviolability were expressed by senator John McCain: "We
Have selected at them almost all earth and in exchange guaranteed it some things.
Sometimes consequences of these arrangements not so are pleasant, as to us
It would be desirable, and tax exemption - only one of such consequences ". But
It does not mean at all, that "solemn obligations" can be broken.
On that they and obligations.
Xenia Kiselyov.
Each member of a tribe of the apaches living in Arizona, receives as a result
Distributions of profits on a gaming about $3 thousand a month.
Though already in any way it is impossible to consider many American Indian tribes poor, the authorities
The USA continue to support them financially.
Pale businessmen not in a status to compete to Indians. After all those
Are released from the majority of taxes
//* an information Source: the Businessman (weekly journal), 4.08.98
//* Reg. Nom. - 1080800014.15-------------------------------------------
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