Small policy/friendship of the people.
Small policy/friendship of the people.
The Turkman, pashas!
Visit to Moscow turkmenbashi has passed successfully in every respect. Saparmurat
Niyazov remained "Gazprom" - results is very happy with reception, and
Negotiations.
Saparmurat Niyazov, judging by its kind, has left the happy. Especial
The satisfaction has been called by that to it was possible to achieve from Moscow
Public apologies for the Russian-Azerbaijan agreement on the Caspian
To oil deposit "Kjapaz" ("Serdar"), concluded in the first
July. In this document having character of the report on intentions,
The state oil company of the Azerbaijan Republic (GNKAR), with
One party, and "Rosneft" and "LUKOIL" - with another, have agreed about
To joint working out of the deposit, the reconnoitered which stocks
Are estimated in 50 million tons.
Right after agreement signings Turkmenia has acted with the sharp
The protest. Ashkhabad considers a deposit "Kjapaz" as the (it more close to
To Turkmen coast, than to Azerbaijan). The Minister for Foreign Affairs and
The vice-premier of Turkmenia Boris Shihmuradov even has threatened, that on Caspian sea can
To arise one more Karabah, and has warned, that the Turkmen aircraft will begin
To patrol disputable water areas if on a deposit suddenly will begin
Any jobs.
Special piquancy of a situation that gives the Turkmen name
Deposits - "Serdar" - on-turkmenski are meant by "leader". Also it is named
At all in honour of Lenin or Stalin. The name is given it in honour of Saparmurata
Niyazov. Obviously therefore for turkmenbashi a point of honour was to achieve that,
That Moscow disavowed signed with GNKAR the agreement.
And though has not done without overlays ("Rosneft" has withdrawn the signature, and
"LUKOIL" somehow not so), as a whole personal honour to defend it was possible to Niyazov.
Contrary to occurring opinion, the Russian-Azerbaijan agreement across Caspian sea
-- It not the main problem for which decision turkmenbashi came in
Moscow. A main objective of visit of the Turkmen president was to hand over to Yeltsin
The complaint to "Gazprom", it is a lot of years the offending Ashkhabad.
All has begun winter of 1992, right after disintegration of the USSR. Then Turkmenia,
Delivering in an all-union pipeline network about 30 % of gas, has demanded
From the Russian Open Society a corresponding share in a currency gain from export of gaz to Europe.
"Gazprom" has given up. And, protokolno being expressed, in the rough form.
Arguments of the Russian Open Society (they have not changed till now) were simple: the Turkmen
Gas arrives to the CIS countries - Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia - and on
Export goes and, accordingly, is paid in HARD CURRENCY exclusively Russian
Gas. Therefore Ashkhabad has nothing to apply for currency. Five years ago
The offended Turkmen delegation has interrupted negotiations and has left Moscow.
Meanwhile turkmenbashi counting on the future profits on export of gaz and
Oil has run into a temptation luxury and began to pursue a policy of the maximum
Attraction of external loans on purpose to transform Turkmenia in Central Asian
Switzerland. In Ashkhabad ponastroili extreme quantity of the five-star
Hotels and luxurious palaces, where, on plans of the Turkmen president,
Should were is permanent to go the international congresses, multilateral
Negotiations, conferences on settlement etc., Etc. All it should
Was to bring in to treasury the stable and firm income, and turkmenbashi - glory
The co-ordinator and the peacemaker.
Paradise terrestrial the most next years has been promised to Turkmans: the free
Journey, cheap bread and weight of shows. In good time under this business it has been thought up
Set of holidays - from Day turkmenbashi till holidays of the Turkmen melon and
Turkmen horse.
Known steps on a prosperity way to Ashkhabad to make it was possible: Turkmenia
Has proclaimed itself the neutral state, and this status behind it even
Recognised the United Nations. But further business is not has gone - to go to Turkmenia still
Nobody wants. Turkmen hotels, palaces and conference halls are empty.
Accordingly, the treasury is empty also. External debts, official data
About which are not disclosed, by independent estimations, has already exceeded $5 mlrd and
Continues to grow quickly.
Meanwhile it is necessary to return credits, and the population to feed. In euphoria,
The called independence and expectation of an oil and gas shower of gold, somehow
It was forgot, that a neutrality - a thing expensive, allow which to itself can
Only really rich countries which are not requiring the foreign help.
The unique exit in this situation Ashkhabad sees in demanding
Money from "Gazprom". However till now "Gazprom" has not changed the position,
Magnanimously offering Ashkhabad to be content with grivnas, chests or dramas.
Moreover, the Russian Open Society took away to itself a part of that money which sometimes paid
Turkmenia for gas Kiev, as the intermediary in these operations to the recent
Time Russian-Ukrainian joint venture "Itera", where 45 % of the capital acted
Belongs to "Gazprom".
And it is a question of rather large sums. By a recognition of Niyazov,
The gas debt of Kiev to Ashkhabad has exceeded $600 million and continues to grow quickly.
In total gas production in Turkmenia has made last year 35 mlrd cubic metre,
From which approximately 20 mlrd, according to the Turkmen authorities, was
It is exported to the Western Europe. However Russian "Gazprom" has on this
The bill other opinion.
With despair Niyazov has gone on extreme measures. In the beginning of summer it cancelled
"Itera" also has declared intention to trade with Ukraine without intermediaries. In the answer
Rem Vyahirev has simply advised turkmenbashi to replace advisers, obviously,
Meaning that that has found to itself(himself) people in the southwest of Moscow.
To get rid of humiliating dependence on "Gazprom" Ashkhabad tries and
In another way, building the export gas pipelines. The most known
Routes - through Afghanistan to Pakistan and India, and also through Iran in
Turkey (and there, the God will give, and to Europe). However realisations of these plans stirs
A number of circumstances. The Afghani project is interfered by incessant war in
To republic. And in Turkey observes the interests all same "Gazprom", which
Expects to increase several times in the near future there gas deliveries
(Roughly to 30 mlrd cubic metre a year).
With all these claims to "Gazprom" also there was Niyazov to Yeltsin. And,
Probably, it would manage to achieve concessions, if on the eve of negotiations on
Audiences at the Russian president head of Gazprom Rem Vyahirev has not visited.
Right after the president has declared meetings with it, that supports also "Gazprom", and
Personally Vyahirev. Then this presidential passage has been apprehended in the majority
Mass-media as protecting "Gazprom" from nemtsovsko-chubajsovskih attacks. However on
The business, speaking it, Boris Yeltsin meant a downloading problem
Turkmen gas.
Results of negotiations in general have confirmed it. Presidents only in
Principle have agreed, that Turkmen gas will go still in
Republics CIS on the Russian pipelines. And over all it is entrusted to the rests
To work to experts, that is from Russia in this problem will be engaged
First of all people of "Gazprom". In Moscow it is not enough independent experts.
Thus, to say that between Moscow and Ashkhabad now
Cloudless relations prematurely were established. Moreover, visit results
turkmenbashi to Moscow testify to serious crisis of the Russian
Politicians in the kaspijsko-Caucasian region.
It reminds trishkin a caftan more and more - is imposed latka for
latkoj, but the number of holes does not decrease. Relations with Azerbaijan, passed
In the end of winter in a critical status (scandal with deliveries of the Russian
The weapon etc.), have been stabilised in the spring as now it was found out, for
The bill of Turkmenia. And still it is necessary to keep in touch with Georgia. In the fast
Time on a visit there will arrive the president of Armenia Rubbed-petrosjan also to it too
It is necessary to concede something - and too for someone's bill. Just as relations with
By Turkmenia are adjusted now at the expense of Azerbaijan.
However, while Azerbaijan in a prize - game goes by its rules. Baku,
As is known, in a counterbalance to Moscow and Ashkhabad insists on the sectoral
Division of Caspian sea. Turkmenia, having acted with claims on "Kjapazu",
Actually recognised such division. The same was confirmed also with Yeltsin,
Having promulgated the apology. Probably, therefore Gay gift Aliev so peacefully
Has reacted to Turkmen claims: what insults can be between
Neighbours-brothers, he has told, let's master together. It is available successes
Aliev and in other area: having visited last week the USA with the official
Visit, he has concluded at once some contracts with the American oil
The companies.
In general, it is necessary to notice, that Washington has made recently a number
Serious statements on problems of the region, addressed first of all
To the Russian allies. It has met Turkmenia, having blest
The Turkmen-Iranian pipe (it has been thus specially stipulated, that this fact
Does not mean cardinal change in relations of the USA and Iran), and also
Has suggested to pull a thread of an oil pipeline from the Azerbaijan oil
Deposits on Caspian sea to the Mediterranean or Black Sea ports through
Karabah and Armenia.
As a result all goes to that the neighbours by turns clashing with Moscow,
Are simply reoriented on other powerful patron -
The United States. As Washington like as well as not against.
DZHEBRAIL HAIZOV.
1. The Caspian deposit "Kjapaz", about which joint working out
The Azerbaijan and Russian companies have preliminary agreed,
On-turkmenski is called "Serdar", that "leader" means. This name is given it in
Saparmurata Niyazov's honour. Clearly, why turkmenbashi has taken offence.
2. Actually Saparmupat Niyazov has arrived to Moscow not to quarrel with
Oil industry workers and to complain of "Gazprom" which is a lot of years it offends.
Probably, Boris Yeltsin would give turkmenbashi satisfaction, if the day before
The Kremlin was visited by Rem Vyahirev.
3. The Russian policy in the kaspijsko-Caucasian region reminds trishkin
Caftan: with one has reconciled - with another has quarrelled. In the meantime Americans
Strengthen the positions in region.
//* an information Source: the Businessman (weekly journal), 19.08.97
//* Reg. Nom. - 6070800141.15-------------------------------------------
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