The frenzied colonel.
The frenzied colonel.
Libyan leader Muamar Kaddafi, to which this week, on
To some data, 60 years are executed, can quite enter into the Book
Records Ginnessa as the most extravagant and changeable politician
The world.
The child.
Morning on September, 13th, 1942. Tent of the poor shepherd of camels,
Hastily broken somewhere in Libyan desert that his wife could
To give birth. With the first solar beam shout of the newborn is distributed,
Which then will name Muamarom.
So in Libya like to begin histories how has appeared
On light their leader, 33 years stretch correcting by the country. In
Conformity with the majority of biographic directories, in
The next Friday to it 60 years are executed. Actually its time
Births (not only time of days, but also day, month and year) remain
Subject of disputes. For example, the Italian historians absolutely
Are assured, that Muamar Kaddafi was born not later than 1938, in that
As British consider time, that Kaddafi indeed was born in 1942
To year, but not in September, and in October, in the heat of approach
Armies of allies on a position of the German armies in the North Africa. They
Believe, that parents Kaddafi were not so poor beduiny.
"It would be a little inconvenient to son of the shepherd to receive the such
Brilliant education what was received by mister Kaddafi ", - speaks
One of its British biographers.
Education at Kaddafi really excellent and versatile.
It has received secondary education at religious school, then studied
History in the most prestigious in all North Africa Libyan
University in Tripoli. There it, first, became big
The admirer of socialism and panarabizma, and secondly, has understood, that
The historian even diplomaed, can change nothing in the
To the country. In 1963 he has thrown university and has excellent handed over
Entrance examinations in Royal military academy of Libya, one
From the military educational institutions advanced on that day in
To Africa: over it the British military experts actually supervised.
There, near by at nothing suspecting British instructors,
Kaddafi has created own organisation - Movement free
Officers-junionistov, for a basis having followed an example of similar structure,
Formed decade before in Egypt Gamalem Naserom. Through
Three years during which he not only studied at home,
But also trained in Britain, Kaddafi has finished academy with distinction
Also has begun to develop the plan on monarchy overthrow.
The conspirator.
On September, 1st, 1969 it was found out, that military academy Kaddafi
Visited knowingly. If sometime in the world will write the textbook about that,
How correctly to arrange a military coup d'etat plot Kaddafi will be
There one of the vivid examples.
In three o'clock in the morning, shortly before the first morning pray in
Tripoli, capital of Libya, columns of military technics have entered. Correct
putchistam armies have quickly surrounded a building of the Ministry of Defence,
Security service headquarters, royal palace, and also
Radio station and building of the Libyan news agency. Simultaneously
All borders have been blocked, and in the airports instructions have arrived
To cancel all flights. The subject Kingdoms which have fallen asleep by evening of Libya
Have woken up citizens of the Libyan Arabian Republic. Aged
To king Idrisu I, the hero of emancipating war against Italy,
On vacation in Turkey, it was offered not to come back
In the country.
Putsch could be easily suppressed British and Americans, whose
Military bases settled down on territories of Libya, however the new
The authorities have assured ambassadors of both countries that threats to the economic
And to political interests of these countries does not exist. Only in
Next year when the new Libyan power has achieved the world
Recognitions, Britain and the USA have suggested to close the military bases, and
The property of the foreign oil companies in the country was
It is nationalised.
The world with interest watched succession of events in Libya, however
Name of the main character - Muamara Kaddafi - yet
Knew. Formally power in the country belonged to Council of the revolutionary
The commands which members remained anonymous. Only in
Next year Muamar Kaddafi, served by then to
The colonel, the first public post - the prime minister has held
The countries. Also has begun to reform the country.
The reformer.
Citizens of Libya have quickly found out what to miss with such leader, as
Kaddafi, it is not necessary to them. Almost each year appeared all
The new laws, telling to Libyans as it to conduct that is
And in what to put on. The main reforms have begun after
Muamar Kaddafi has started to write. With 1975 for 1980 in the country left three
Its volumes well-known "the Green book" in which Kaddafi has explained
To all world as it is necessary to live. According to ideas Kaddafi in 1977
To year the country has ceased to be republic, and has been declared
"The state of weights" - dzhamahiriej. Democracy in the traditional
Understanding of this word - with parties, public organisations,
By the government, authorities - it has been cancelled. To it on change
The difficult system of national committees has come. As a matter of fact it nothing
Differed from government system in any one-party
The state (unless it was not formal party in power), but
Names of new authorities (they as speak, have been thought up
Personally Kaddafi) bewitched. For example, a place of Council revolutionary
Commands were occupied with the General national congress (Kaddafi became it
The first secretary general), a government place - Supreme
National committee, and place of the ministries - national committees.
However, then it has cancelled also them. In the country remained only power
National committees, and all the rest has been given to conducting weights.
In 1979 Kaddafi declared, that more will not occupy
Official posts, also began to be called simply - "as the leader Libyan
Revolutions ". However, the status and authority Kaddafi from it at all
Have suffered. Campaign for modesty introduction has extended on
All country. For example, during translation of football matches
It is authorised to commentators to mention football players only under numbers,
Not to provoke at sportsmen "star fever".
Except dzhamahirizatsii the countries Kaddafi has spent also other reforms.
For example, reformed both usual Gregorian, and traditional
Muslim calendars, and after in 1977 in the country
Declared campaign for self-sufficiency achievement, everything, in that
Number and to the townspeople living in apartment houses, it has been made in
Duty to plant hens at home. As a result socialism in the country
Has been constructed.
Obedinitel.
Except socialism the idea was the main hobby Muamara Kaddafi
The Arabian unity. Kaddafi considered Arabs as the greatest nation on
To the earth which has given to the world, for example, the well-known playwright and the poet
Sheikh Zubejra who wrote, the truth, in English, that is why
Shakespeare is more known under the Europeanized name. To
To achievement of unity of Arabs Kaddafi one time applied
Titanic efforts.
The list of the states with which Kaddafi tried to unite Libya,
It is impressive - Egypt, Syria, Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, Sudan and even
Malta. Business has reached signing of formal agreements with Egypt,
Syria and Morocco, however now about it reminds only
National flag of Syria, on which in connection with association with
Two green stars have appeared Libya.
The main obstacle to association every time became
Other passions Kaddafi. Main from them - desire to help all,
Whom he considered as fighters for freedom. And as the unique form
Struggle he recognised armed helped basically to terrorists
- To the various Palestinian organisations, Muslim extremists
In Egypt and Turkey, notorious organisation ASALA
(The Armenian terrorist organisation arranging acts of terrorism
Against Turkey), to Kurds in Turkey, Iraq and Iran, Italian
"To red brigades", German RAF, Irish, Scottish and
vallijskim to separatists and Basques in France and Spain.
Besides, did not help image Kaddafi and its eagerness to fight. For
Time of the stay at the power he has had time to do some fighting with five of
Six neighbours. The exception was made by Niger, which on
To unknown circumstances it has passed.
Interest to association of all Arabian earths at Kaddafi has disappeared in
One moment. There was it in 1986, when in reply to the next
The act of terrorism organised by Libya, Americans have struck rocket blow on
Residences Kaddafi in Libya. Itself Kaddafi has not suffered, however in
Touch time its foster daughter has been killed. The Libyan leader
Has addressed for support to brothers-Arabs, but has not received it. From
"The friend to all Arabs" Kaddafi has immediately turned in
The preacher of association of Africa.
The main rate in business of association of Africa Kaddafi does on
Money. To each African state which has declared desire
To enter into the United States Africa Kaddafi promises a constant
The economic help. However, while also these plans to what not
Result. Probably, because still in the mid-seventies Kaddafi
Has proved as the supporter of the most odious modes
Continent, and known cannibals were its closest friends -
Emperor Bokassa from Tsentralnoafrikansky Empire and ugandijsky
The president Go Amin. Besides, to image of the fighter for the African
Unity pogroms of black workers in any way have not helped with Libya, which
Representatives of national committees as eyewitnesses testify,
Cut for pieces with the help machete. As a result from Libya ran
Almost all black Africans. At last, the African presidents
Confuses also rigidity Kaddafi in a question on debts. For example, on
To opinion of many experts, present war with farmers in Zimbabwe
It is provoked Kaddafi: in exchange for repayment of millions dollars,
Which Libya were run into debt zimbabvijsky by the president, Kaddafi will receive
The most part of the earths released from white farmers. And,
Certainly, anybody in Africa has not forgotten, that Kaddafi likes to unite
The earths by means of military force. For example, having occupied in the beginning
1980th years a part of territory of the next Chad, the Libyan armies
Have left therefrom only in 1993.
Nevertheless Kaddafi does not leave attempts to restore trust
Africans. Trans-African tour, which it is indicative
Has made last summer from Durban in Tripoli. Except most Kaddafi
400 its bodyguards took part in him, three fighters,
The military ship and 60 armored cars. From an armored car in crowds of the hungry
Africans on all transit the presents were scattered
Dollars for a total sum, according to police of the republic of South Africa, $6 million
The businessman.
Readiness to pay that is pleasant, - one of the main things
Characteristics Kaddafi. For example, he has bought 16 % of actions of the Italian
To weaver's company Olcese only because to it very much liked
Fabrics of this firm. There are also more impressive examples. Soon after
How him Italian became a liked soccer team
"Juventus", Libya has got a large share holding of this football
Club, and son Kaddafi Saadi became a member of its board. Desire
The leader of the Libyan revolution to accept in Tripoli the World championship ending
On football of 2010 has poured out in creation of special fund,
Which is engaged in building of stadiums of name Muamara Kaddafi
Almost in each African capital: in its opinion, FIFA it
Should like. As well as in a case with six millions,
Thrown out Kaddafi on the African roads, the world community
It was amazed generosity Kaddafi, in passing being surprised as it can to itself(himself)
It to allow.
The matter is that the romanticist and visionary Kaddafi is only
In the politician and private life. When business reaches business, the leader
Libyan Dzhamahirii turns in the prudent pragmatist. It
Likes Arabs and Africans, but incomes of oil puts only in
The European or American companies. A unique exception,
Perhaps, there was a purchase of actions of the Moroccan group of companies ONA of 6 %.
However, here again there is a calculation: Groupe ONA belongs personally
To Moroccan king Mohammed.
Except oil income Kaddafi receives from belonging to it
The huge ground areas in Britain and Italy, and also from wide
The branched out bank and hotel business. Lodgers
Magnificent London Carlton Towers Hotel and any of 18
The five-star hotels entering in Corinthia Group, located
Worldwide from Gambia to Czechia, that not knowing, fill up
Purse of the leader of the Libyan revolution.
Bring in the income in budget Kaddafi and Arab Banking Corporation,
One of the most prestigious Arabian banks, whose North American
The headquarters is located in New York on the Fifth avenue. Despite
Active dislike, which Americans many decades
Test to Kaddafi, this bank in which to Libyans belongs
27 % of actions, even during campaign for struggle against terrorism not
Was exposed to any sanctions from the USA. In the same way British
Even after a severance of diplomatic relations with Libya did not touch
One more financial corporation Kaddafi - Britansko-Arabian
Commercial bank.
Recently, by the way, Kaddafi declared the beginning of a new era in
Relations with the West. He again is on friendly terms with British who put
It as an example for other Arabian leaders also begin actively with it
To trade. In answer Kaddafi any more does not consider Shakespeare Arabian
The writer Sheikh Zubejrom also has ceased to supply with the weapon of the Irish
Terrorists. And more recently Libya also has at all offered the
The representative on a post of the head of the Commission of the United Nations under human rights.
However, many arabisty recommend not to give to the new
To initiatives Kaddafi of great value: similar, to it has simply bothered
Image of a socialist and the fighter for freedom. It would like general love and
Respect. And if it would like something, he achieves it any
Means - not money, so statements that Abu Ali ibn
Sina - the Arabian name of known English doctor Avitsenny.
VYACHESLAV BELASH
<$>
//* an information Source: the Businessman-power, 9.09.02
//* Reg. Nom. - 1120900123.34-------------------------------------------
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